Thesaurus on electronics

logic gate that implements logical conjunction at which a TRUTH output results only if both the inputs are TRUTH whereas if neither or only one input is TRUTH a FALSE output results.

Kids: NAND gate

anode

p-layer and positive electrode of some electronic components

arm

leg

Kids: Wien bridge

astable multivibrator

multivibrator consisting of two transistors connected by capacitive-resistive chains in a positive feedbacks

atom

small fraction of an electronic component

Kids: covalent bond, crystal, electron, free electron, impurity, nucleus

atomic number

number of protons in the nucleus

attenuation

reduction of the waveform

Kids: amplitude control, attenuator, cutoff frequency, midband, negative feedback, passive component, stop-band

attenuator

electronic circuit for attenuation

Kids: buffer

audio frequency

frequency of the audio signal

audio signal

signal audible for the human ear

Kids: audio frequency

auxiliary cathode

additional cathode

avalanche

cumulative process in which a carrier gives rise to a large number of carriers

Kids: avalanche breakdown, avalanche voltage

avalanche breakdown

breackdown caused by the avalanche

Kids: avalanche diode

avalanche diode

diode designed for operation at avalanche breakdown

avalanche voltage

minimum voltage across a pn junction at which the avalanche occurs

back diode

diode that has an accurate square law output characteristic at the reverse bias

balanced supply

supply with two legs of dc or ac which are half a period out of phase with respect to one another, so that the ground currents cancel out

ballast

an electronic component connected between the supply and load which serves mainly to limit the current of the load to the required value

band-pass filter

filter with a single midband with specified cutoff frequencies different from zero or infinite

Kids: BPF, lead-lag filter

band-stop filter

filter with a single stop-band with specified cutoff frequencies different from zero or infinite

Kids: BSF, notch filter

bandwidth

measure of the frequency band as a difference between the cutoff frequencies

barrier layer

depletion layer

barrier potential

potential difference across the depletion layer

Kids: forward bias, reverse bias

base

middle layer and control terminal of a BJT

Kids: common base, common collector common emitter, dc beta

base curve

input characteristic of BJT

basic scheme

electronic circuit commonly used to bias the transistor

battery

electrochemical supply device that converts stored chemical energy into electrical energy

BCD

binary-coded-decimal

biasing

method of establishing of the predetermined voltages and/or currents for electronic components

Kids: basic scheme, forward bias, reverse bias

BiCMOS

complementary bipolar process

bi-directional diode thyristor

diac

bi-directional thyristor

triac

binary code

code using of the binary scale

Kids: binary-coded-decimal, Gray code, straight binary code

binary digit

bit

binary scale

uniform scale of data notation whose ratio is two

Kids: binary code, scale-of-two

binary-coded-decimal

coding method for numbers based on the decimal notation, with each decimal digit represented by its own binary code

Kids: BCD

binary-weighted DAC

DAC containing one resistor or current source for each bit connected to a summing point

Kids: R-2R DAC, segmented DAC

bipolar CMOS process

electronic technology that integrates two formerly separate semiconductor technologies - those of the analog BJT and the digital CMOS

Kids: BiCMOS

bipolar junction transistor

bipolar transistor controlled by a current flowing through the control terminal

Kids: BJT

bipolar transistor

transistor where the carriers of two polarities cross three alternated extrinsic semiconductors

Kids: bipolar junction transistor, collector, collector curve, Darlington transistor, emitter, insulated gate bipolar transistor

bistable

multivibrator with two stable states

bit

member of a set of two elements, TRUTH and FALSE, commonly used to represent them by 1 or 0

Kids: binary digit, binary-weighted DAC, byte, Gray code, least significant bit, most significant bit, straight binary code

BJT

bipolar junction transistor

Kids: base, base curve, collector diode, complementary bipolar process, emitter diode, transistor-transistor logic

blocking oscillator

oscillator which can produce a limited free-running output using only a resistor, a transformer, and a transistor

bond

orbit on which electrons turn around the nucleus

Kids: conduction bond, covalent bond, valence bond

Boolean expression

expression used in logic operations that produces a Boolean constant, i.e. TRUTH or FALSE

BPF

band-pass filter

break frequency

cutoff frequency

breakdown

abrupt change of an insulator medium resulting in an increased number of carriers

Kids: avalanche breakdown, breakdown region, breakdown voltage, reverse breakdown, Zener breakdown

breakdown diode

Zener diode

breakdown region

region of the output characteristic where the breakdown occurs

Kids: primary breakdown, secondary breakdown

breakdown voltage

voltage at which the breakdown occurs

Kids: reverse breakdown, transient suppressor

breakover

point on the output characteristic of a thyristor for which the differential resistance is zero and where the voltage reaches a maximum value

Kids: breakover voltage

breakover voltage

forward voltage at which the breakover occurs

bridge

electronic circuit in which two circuit branches (usually in parallel with each other) are "bridged" by a third branch connected between the first two branches at some intermediate point along them

Kids: Wien bridge

BSF

band-stop filter

buffer

attenuator inserted between two electronic components to reduce interaction

Kids: cascode amplifier

bulk resistance

resistance of a semiconductor rapidly variated with temperature, as well as an occasionally negative resistance

burnout current

high current which destroys an electronic circuit due to a quick and large temperature elevation

bus

transmission line between several electronic devices using a common path, wherein devices are not involved in the transfer of data between other devices

bypass capacitor

capacitor which renders coupling when it is not necessary in a particular mode of operation

byte

ordered set of eight bits

Kids: high byte, low byte, word

carrier

mobile free electron, hole or ion

Kids: avalanche, bipolar transistor, breakdown, depletion layer, drift, electrode, extrinsic semiconductor, intrinsic semiconductor, junction transistor, majority carrier, minority carrier, n-type semiconductor, p-type semiconductor, recombination, thermal ionization, unipolar transistor, varistor

cascading

connection of the output of one electronic component to the input of another

Kids: R-2R DAC, stage

cascode amplifier

transconductance amplifier followed by a current buffer without direct coupling from the output to input

cathode

n-layer with corresponding negative electrode

Kids: auxiliary cathode

chip

separated or whole part of an electronic circuit in a single wafer

Kids: large-scale integration, medium-scale integration, small-scale integration

clamper

electronic circuit for holding the level at a specified value

class A amplifier

amplifier which output flows for the whole cycle upon the sinusoidal input

class B amplifier

amplifier which output flows for approximately half of an electrical cycle upon the sinusoidal input

Kids: pulse amplifier

class C amplifier

amplifier which output flows for appreciably less than half of an electrical cycle upon the sinusoidal input

class D amplifier

amplifier in which any input is transformed into pulses

clipper

electronic device for clipping

clipping

limiting at which all the values exceeding a predetermined wafeform level are reduced to values close to that of the level

Kids: clipper, output voltage swing

clock pulse

pulse that is utilized to coordinate clocking

Kids: D flip-flop

clocking

time indicating, keeping, and co-ordinating for electronic system operation

Kids: clock pulse

closed loop control

process whereby the controlled variable is continuously measured, compared with the reference and influenced in such a manner as to adjust to the reference

CMOS

complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor

Kids: bipolar CMOS process

code

data represented by characters, symbols or other elements

Kids: binary code, code conversion, coding, decoding, least significant bit, most significant bit, successive approximation register, thermometer code, word

code conversion

changing a given code into another code

coding

process of code designing

Kids: binary-coded-decimal, encoder

collector

extreme layer of a bipolar transistor that collects majority carriers

Kids: collector diode, common base, common collector, common emitter, dc alpha, dc beta

collector curve

output characteristic of a bipolar transistor in the common emitter scheme

collector diode

bi-layer part of the BJT sided with a collector

combinational logic

logic citcuit without memory whose output is a function of the present input

common base

scheme in which the base is common to the input and output circuits while the input is the emitter and the output is the collector

common collector

scheme in which the collector is common to the input and output circuits while the input is the base and the output is the emitter

Kids: emitter follower

common drain

scheme in which the drain is common to the input and output circuits while the input is the gate and the output is the source

Kids: source follower

common emitter

scheme in which the emitter is common to the input and output circuits while the input is the base and the output is the collector

Kids: collector curve

common gate

scheme in which the gate is common to the input and output circuits while the input is the source and the output is the drain

common source

scheme in which the source is common to the input and output circuitswhile the input is the gate and the output is the drain

Kids: drain curve

common-mode signal

signal presented equally at both inputs of a differential amplifier

Kids: common-mode voltage gain

common-mode voltage gain

voltage gain as the ratio of the output voltage of a differential amplifier to the common-mode signal on the input

communication

data transfer according to agreed conventions

Kids: transmission line

comparator

electronic device which, by comparison, finds the difference between input signals

Kids: flash ADC, sampling ADC, trip point

complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor

electronic technology dealing with combination of different MOS structures

Kids: CMOS

computer

electronic device for data processing, acquisition, and output

conduction bond

bond placed above the valence bond

constant current diode

diode that keeps the current flowing through it unchanged when the voltage changes

continuous wave

repetitive current or voltage which waveform has no time delays

control angle

firing angle

control terminal

terminal intended for driving

Kids: base, bipolar junction transistor, field-effect transistor, gate, insulated gate bipolar transistor

controlled variable

output data obtained upon the manipulated input data

Kids: closed loop control, reference, saturation, time response, tolerance area, transient

controller

electronic device which provides the regulator function

Kids: PID-controller

convensional current

current which flow is considered as started from positive supply terminal and finished at negative supply terminal

converter

electronic device for changing one or more characteristics associated with signal or energy

Kids: analog-to-digital converter, digital-to-analog converter, inverter, math converter, power electronics, rectifier, voltage-to-frequency converter

corner frequency

cutoff frequency

counter

electronic device which stores the number of times a particular event or process has occurred

Kids: tracking ADC

counting ADC

tracking ADC

coupling

resistive, capacitive or inductive conductive path between electronic components

Kids: bypass capacitor

covalent bond

bond that is characterized by the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms

critical frequency

cutoff frequency

crystal

material in which each atom shares electrons with the neighbor atoms

Kids: intrinsic crystal

current amplifier

amplifier whose input and output are currents

current gain

gain as the ratio if the input current to the output current

Kids: current multiplication

current multiplication

current gain of a resonant circuit

current source

electronic circuit which current does not depend on the voltage

Kids: binary-weighted DAC, thermometer DAC

current-to-voltage converter

transresistance amplifier

cutoff

threshold value for a current, voltage, or frequency switching-on/off

Kids: cutoff current, cutoff voltage

cutoff current

unwanted forward current at cutoff

Kids: cutoff region

cutoff frequency

frequency at which energy begins to be attenuated rather than passing through

Kids: 3-dB frequency, band-pass filter, band-stop filter, bandwidth, break frequency, corner frequency, critical frequency, half-power point, high-pass filter, low-pass filter

cutoff region

region of the output characteristic below the cutoff current

cutoff voltage

forward voltage corresponding the cutoff

cycle

period of a repetitive waveform

Kids: class A amplifier, class B amplifier, class C amplifier, pulse-amplitude modulation, pulse-frequency modulation, pulse-width modulation, relaxation oscillator

D flip-flop

flip-flop whose output takes the value of the input D and delays it by one clock pulse thus it can be interpreted as a primitive memory

DAC

digital-to-analog converter

Kids: binary-weighted DAC, internally nonlinear DAC, monotonic DAC, string DAC, subranging ADC, successive approximation register, thermometer DAC, transition noise

Darlington transistor

two bipolar transistors connected in such a way that the current amplified by the first transistor is amplified further by the second one

data

representation of information in a formalized manner in electronic system

Kids: binary scale, communication, bus, code, controlled variable, data acquisition, data processing, datasheet, decoding, memory, reference, segmentation, signal, word

data acquisition

sampling the input signals and converting them into data

Kids: computer

data processing

field of electronic engineering dealing with operations on or analysis of data

Kids: computer, math converter

datasheet

document summarizing the performance and technical data

dc alpha

ratio of the collector current to the emitter current in the active region

dc amplifier

amplifier which amplifiers both the ac and the dc components of the input

dc beta

ratio of the collector current to the base current in the active region

Kids: forward current transfer ratio

dc load line

load line representing all possible combinations of the output voltage and current

decoder

electronic device for decoding

decoding

process of restoring data from a code

Kids: decoder

depletion layer

region emptied of carriers near the pn junction

Kids: barrier layer, barrier potential

depletion-mode operation

MOSFET operation such that changing the gate voltage from zero to a finite value decreases the magnitude of the drain current

depletion-type MOSFET

MOSFET passing appreciable drain current at the zero gate voltage, which may be adjusted according to the polarity of the applied gate voltage

derating

operation at less than the rated maximum power in order to prolong the lifetime

detector

electronic device for discerning the existence or variations of signals

Kids: zero-crossing detector

diac

non-adjusted thyristor with substantially the same behaviour at the forward bias and reverse bias

Kids: bi-directional diode thyristor

diff amp

differential amplifier

Kids: common-mode voltage gain

differential amplifier

amplifier whose output corresponds to the amplified difference between the two inputs

Kids: common-mode signal, diff amp, differential input, input offset voltage

differential input

double input of a differential amplifier presenting the difference between the applied quantities

Kids: input offset voltage, long-tailed pair, operational amplifier

differential signal

two complementary signals sent on two separate wires

differential voltage gain

voltage gain as the ratio of the change in output voltage to the change in input voltage

differentiator

math converter for producing an output quantity to the time derivative of the input quantity

Kids: D-regulator, PD-regulator, proportional-integral-differential regulator

digital electronics

electronics dealing with digital signals

digital gate

logic gate

digital signal

signal in which any value is represented by a single predetermined voltage or current level

Kids: analog-to-digital converter, digital electronics, digital-to-analog converter, discrete signal, monotonic DAC, quantization error, quantizing, resolution

digital-to-analog converter

converter that converts a digital signal to an analogue signal

Kids: DAC

diode

non-adjustable electronic component consisting of a p-layer and n-layer

Kids: avalanche diode, back diode, constant current diode, knee voltage, light-emitting diode, photodiode, power diode, punch-through diode, Schottky diode, step-recovery diode, tunnel diode, varactor, Zener diode

dip

sudden reduction of the supply voltage followed by voltage recovery after a short period of time

dipole

pair of positive and negative ions of the pn junction

discrete signal

digital signal

Kids: sampling frequency

donor

pentavalent impurity for doping

doping

addition of impurities to an intrinsic semiconductor

Kids: acceptor, donor, drift region

drain

extreme layer of a unipolar transistor that collects majority carriers

Kids: common drain, common source, common gate, depletion-mode operation, depletion-type MOSFET, enhanced-mode operation, enhanced-type MOSFET, pinchoff, threshold voltage, transconductance

drain curve

output characteristic of a unipolar transistor in the common source scheme

D-regulator

differentiator

drift

undesired slow variation of the carrier density

drift region

wide lightly doped region of significant ohmic resistance with large power dissipation at conducting

driver

electronic circuit for driving

Kids: gate driver

driving

control operation of an on-state and off-state establishment

Kids: control terminal, driver, firing, flywheel effect

dual-gate JFET

JFET with two gates

electrode

inner part of an electronic component capable to emit or receive carriers

Kids: anode, cathode, terminal

electrolyte

substance containing free ions as majority carriers

electron

particle of atom with a negative elementary electric charge

Kids: bond, covalent bond, free electron, hole, ion, n-type semiconductor, valence electron

electronic circuit

interconnection of electrical and electronic components

Kids: active load, attenuator, basic scheme, bridge, burnout current, chip, clamper, current source, driver, electronic device, filter, integrated circuit, limiter, logic circuit, mains voltage, negative resistance, overloading, passive load, phase voltage, positive resistance, reference generator, resonant circuit, resonator, selectivity, supply, switching, switching circuit, transmission line, transresistance, voltage source, voltage swing

electronic component

component used in semiconductor electronics

Kids: active component, anode, atom, ballast, biasing, buffer, cascading, coupling, diode, electrode, electronic circuit, electronic device, electronic system, forward current, forward voltage, input characteristic, layer, leg, off-state, on-state, output characteristic, passive component, safe operating area, square-low device, temperature coefficient, thyristor, transfer characteristic, transistor

electronic device

device composed of electrical and electronic components connected within the electronic circuit

Kids: amplifier, bus, clipper, comparator, computer, controller, converter, counter, decoder, detector, electronic system, encoder, logic gate, memory, multiplexer, optoelectronic device, piezoelectric transducer, repeater, sample and hold, sampler, serial transmission, signal generator, switch, timer, transient suppressor, trigger, voltage divider

electronic engineering

engineering dealing with electronics

Kids: data processing

electronic science

science dealing with electronics

electronic system

system composed on electrical and electronic components or electronic devices

Kids: clocking, data, feedback, lifetime, operating point, optical radiation, output stability, regulator

electronic technology

technology dealing with electronics

Kids: bipolar CMOS process, complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor, fax, integration, radio, telegraph, telephony, television, thin-film resistor technology

electronics

field of science, engineering and technology dealing with semiconductors and vacuum tubes

Kids: analogue electronics, digital electronics, electronic engineering, electronic science, electronic technology, power electronics, pulse electronics, radio electronics, semiconductor electronics, vacuum electronics

emitter

extreme layer of a bipolar transistor that emits majority carriers

Kids: common base, common collector, common emitter, dc alpha, emitter diode

emitter diode

bi-layer part of BJT sided with an emitter

emitter follower

common collector

encoder

electronic device for coding

Kids: optical encoder, resolver

enhanced-mode operation

MOSFET operation such that changing the gate voltage from zero to a finite value increases the magnitude of the drain current

enhanced-type MOSFET

MOSFET passing the zero drain current at the zero gate voltage, which may be adjusted by the application of a gate voltage of appropriate polarity

error voltage

difference between the input and output signals intended for error reduction

Kids: proportional regulator

exclusive OR gate

XOR gate

exponential amplifier

amplifier capable of supplying an output proportional to the exponential of the input

extrinsic semiconductor

semiconductor in which carrier concentration differs from the intrinsic semiconductor

Kids: bipolar transistor, n-type semiconductor, p-type semiconductor, unipolar transistor

FALSE

logical off-state constant used in logic operations

Kids: AND gate, bit, Boolean expression, NAND gate, NOR gate, NOT gate, OR gate, XOR gate

fax

electronic technology for graphics transfer

feedback

path connecting an output of the electronic system with one of the inputs

Kids: feedback factor, loop gain, negative feedback, positive feedback

feedback factor

fraction of the output applied to the input through the feedback

Kids: feedback fraction, loop gain

feedback fraction

feedback factor

FET

field-effect transistor

Kids: GaAsFET, gate-source cutoff voltage, junction field-effect transistor, K factor, metal-oxide semiconductor FET, pinchoff

field-effect transistor

unipolar transistor whose output is controlled by an electric field arising from a voltage applied to the control terminal

Kids: FET

filter

linear electronic circuit designed to pass the waveforms in certain frequency bands and to block those in other frequency bands

Kids: active filter, band-pass filter, band-stop filter, filter choke, high-pass filter, low-pass filter, passive filter, sigma-delta ADC, single-pole filter

filter choke

iron core coil used in a filter for passing dc with high impedance for ripples or ac

firing

driving for establishment the thyristor on-state

Kids: firing angle

firing angle

instant of firing measured in degrees or radians

Kids: control angle

flash ADC

ADC that uses a linear voltage divider with a comparator at each input level

flip-flop

trigger that has two stable states

Kids: D flip-flop, SR flip-flop

flywheel effect

continuation of oscillations after the driving has been removed

forced commutation

thyristor switching-off by the external circuit which causes the thyristor to become reverse biased

forward bias

biasing by applying an external voltage to overcome the barrier potential aiming to pass current

Kids: diac, forward current, forward voltage, reverse recovery time, step-recovery diode, tunnel diode

forward current

current when an electronic component is at forward bias

Kids: cutoff current, holding current, knee voltage, power diode, power transistor

forward current transfer ratio

dc beta

forward voltage

voltage drop in an electronic component when it is at forward bias

Kids: breakover voltage, cutoff voltage, knee voltage, Schottky diode

free electron

electron that is not attached to an atom but is free to move

Kids: carrier

frequency band

continuous set of frequencies lying between two specified frequencies of the frequency response

Kids: bandwidth, filter, midband, stop-band

frequency distortion

undesired variation of the the frequency of the fundamental

frequency response

quantitative measure of magnitude and phase of the output signal as a function of the frequency, in comparison to the input signal

Kids: frequency band

fully-decoded DAC

thermometer DAC

fundamental

lowest frequency of a periodic waveform spectrum

Kids: amplitude distortion, frequency distortion, oscillator

GaAsFET

gallium arsenide FET with an incorporated pn junction channel between two materials with different band gaps

gain

ratio of output signal to input signal, usually measured in decibels

Kids:

current gain, loop gain, static gain, voltage gain

gate

auxiliary layer and control terminal in which the electric field due to an applied voltage is effective

Kids:

common drain, common source, common gate, depletion-mode operation, depletion-type MOSFET, dual-gate JFET, enhanced-mode operation, enhanced-type MOSFET, gate driver, gate-source cutoff voltage, junction field-effect transistor, metal-oxide semiconductor FET, threshold voltage, transconductance

gate driver

driver which feeds the gate

gate turn-off thyristor

thyristor which can be switched from the on-state to the off-state and vice versa

Kids: GTO thyristor

gate-source cutoff voltage

maximal permissible gate-source voltage of the FET

glitch

undesired transient that occurs before the output settles to its intended value

Gray code

binary code with the successive values differed in only one bit

Kids: reflective-binary code

GTO thyristor

gate turn-off thyristor

Kids: MOS-controlled thyristor, storage time, two-operation thyristor

half-power point

cutoff frequency

high byte

byte that holds the MSB

high-field emission

Zener breakdown

high-pass filter

filter with a single midband extending from a specified cutoff frequency upwards

Kids: HPF

holding

maintaining an output stability

Kids: clamper, sample and hold

holding current

minimal forward current of the thyristor on-state operation

hole

place of an absentee electron at a position where it could exist

Kids: carrier, p-type semiconductor

HPF

high-pass filter

hysteresis

property according which, when the input is higher than a certain level, the output is at high saturation; when the input is below a different (lower) chosen level, the output is at low saturation; when the input is between the two, the output retains its value

Kids: Schmitt trigger

IC

integrated circuit

Kids: operational amplifier

IGBT

insulated gate bipolar transistor

impurity

foreign atoms in an intrinsic semiconductor

Kids: acceptor, donor, doping

incremental optical encoder

optical encoder that provides cyclic output at rotation

input characteristic

current-voltage dependence at the input of electronic component

Kids: base curve, K factor, square-low device

input offset voltage

differential input of an operational amplifier required to make the zero output

instantaneous signal

continuous signal at on-state operation

insulated gate bipolar transistor

bipolar transistor with isolated control terminal

Kids: IGBT

integrated circuit

electronic circuit with associated and interconnected components which are considered as indivisible for the purpose of construction and commerce

Kids: IC

integration

electronic technology for assembling complicated systems from less-complicated systems

Kids: large-scale integration, medium-scale integration, small-scale integration

integrator

math converter for producing an output quantity proportional to the time integral of the input quantity

Kids: I-regulator, PI-regulator, proportional-integral-differential regulator

internally nonlinear DAC

DAC with compression

intrinsic crystal

crystal of intrinsic semiconductor

intrinsic semiconductor

single-element semiconductor with definite carrier concentration

Kids: doping, extrinsic semiconductor, impurity, intrinsic crystal

inverse feedback

negative feedback

inversion

interchange of position or sign of adjacent signals

inverter

converter that turns dc to ac

inverting amplifier

amplifier, which output voltage changes in an opposite direction to the input voltage

inverting input

negative input of an amplifier shifted by 180° relatively the output

inverting switch

switch which output changes in an opposite direction to the input

ion

particle in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons

Kids: carrier, dipole, electrolyte

I-regulator

integrator

JFET

junction field-effect transistor

Kids: dualgateJFET

JK flip-flop

SR flip-flop in which only one of the R and S inputs is enabled at any time, where the set input J is only enabled when the flip-flop is reset and reset input K - when it is set

junction field-effect transistor

FET with one or more gate regions which form pn junctions with the channel

junction transistor

transistor which carriers flow across the pn junctions

K factor

input characteristic of FET

Kelvin divider

string DAC

knee voltage

forward voltage of a diode at which the forward current suddenly increases

large-scale integration

integration dealing with tens of thousands of transistors per chip

Kids: LSI

latch

memory cell that has two stable states

layer

sheetlike mass of an electronic component of definite thickness

Kids: base, collector, collector diode, drain, emitter, emitter diode, gate, metal-oxide semiconductor, n-layer, p-layer, source, substrate layer, thin-film resistor technology, thyristor, transistor

lead

terminal

leading edge

position of the pulse front that corresponds the triggering event

lead-lag filter

band-pass filter

leakage current

unwanted reverse current

least significant bit

bit of the least significance within a code

Kids: LSB

LED

light-emitting diode

leg

the assembly of electrical or electronic components forming the single current path

Kids: arm, balanced supply

lifetime

expected period of the electronic system use in service

Kids: derating

light-dependent resistor

photoresistor

light-emitting diode

diode that emits optical radiation when excited by a current

Kids: LED

limiter

non-linear electronic circuit used for voltage or current limiting

linear amplifier

amplifier which output is proportional to its input

load line

operating line for currents and voltages on the output characteristics for a fixed load

Kids: ac load line, dc load line

log amplifier

logarithmic amplifier

logarithmic amplifier

amplifier which output voltage is the fraction of the natural log of the input voltage

Kids: log amplifier

logic circuit

electronic circuit whose input and output represent logic states, i.e. quantities which assume one value of a finite set of discrete values

Kids: combinational logic, logic operation, sequential logic, transistor-transistor logic

logic gate

electronic device for effecting an elementary logic operation

Kids: AND gate, digital gate, NOT gate, OR gate, transistor-transistor logic, XOR gate

logic operation

operation of logic circuit such that one and only one output corresponds to each possible combination of simultaneous inputs

Kids: Boolean expression, FALSE, logic gate, TRUTH, truth table

long-tailed pair

differential input with current-mirror load

loop gain

product of the gain in the feedback loop and the feedback factor in that loop

low byte

byte that holds the LSB

low-pass filter

filter with a single midband extending from zero to a specified cutoff frequency

Kids: LPF

LPF>

low-pass filter

LSB

least significant bit

Kids: low byte

LSI

large-scale integration

mains voltage

voltage between the phases of a multi-phase electronic circuit

majority carrier

type of carrier constituting more than half of the total carrier density

Kids: collector, drain, electrolyte, emitter, source

math converter

converter for mathematical data processing

Kids: differentiator, integrator, subtracter, summer

maximum peak-to-peak voltage

peak-to-peak value of a voltage waveform

Kids: MPP

medium-scale integration

integration dealing with hundreds of transistors per chip

Kids: MSI

memory

electronic device that stores and retains data for subsequent retrieval

Kids: combinational logic, D flip-flop, latch, sequential logic

metal-oxide semiconductor

physical structure having a metal layer placed on top of an oxide insulator, which in turn is on top of a semiconductor layer

Kids: MOS

metal-oxide semiconductor FET

insulated-gate FET with the oxide material between the gate and the semiconductor channel

Kids: MOSFET

metal-semiconductor junction

ms junction

midband

frequency band throughout which the attenuation is less than a specified value

Kids: band-pass filter, high-pass filter, low-pass filter, pass-band, sideband

minority carrier

type of carrier constituting less than half of the total carrier density

modulation

process by which a waveform is constrained to follow the characteristic quantity of another waveform

Kids: pulse-amplitude modulation, pulse-frequency modulation, pulse-width modulation

monostable

multivibrator whose output becomes on-state for a specified time interval after the input has changed from off-state to on-state

Kids: one-short, single-short

monotonic DAC

DAC whose analogue signal moves only in the direction that the digital signal moves

MOS

metal-oxide semiconductor

Kids: complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor, MOS-controlled thyristor

MOS-controlled thyristor

voltage controlled MOS GTO thyristor

MOSFET

metal-oxide semiconductor FET

Kids: depletion-mode operation, depletion-type MOSFET, enhanced-mode operation, enhanced-type MOSFET

most significant bit

bit of most significance within a code

Kids: MSB

MPP

maximum peak-to-peak voltage

ms junction

region between the metal and n-layer or p-layer

Kids: metal-semiconductor junction

MSB

most significant bit

Kids: high byte

MSI

medium-scale integration

multiplexer

electronic device for assembling signals from several separate sources into a single composite signal

multivibrator

oscillator comprising two transistors coupled by resistor-capacitor circuits connecting the input of each to the output of the other

Kids: astable multivibrator, bistable, monostable

NAND gate

opposition of the AND gate behaving in a manner that a FALSE output results only if both the inputs to the gate are TRUTH whereas if one or both inputs are FALSE, a TRUTH output results

negative feedback

feedback intended to attenuate the output

Kids: inverse feedback

negative resistance

resistance for which an increase in the current results in a decreased voltage in electronic circuit

Kids: bulk resistance, tunnel diode

negative temperature coefficient

temperature coefficient at which the current rises with increasing temperature

Kids: NTC

neutron

particle of nucleus without an electric charge

n-layer

layer built on n-type semiconductor

Kids: cathode, diode, ms junction, npn transistor, pn junction, pnp transistor, point-contact transistor, silicon controlled rectifier

noise

unwanted perturbation to the signal

Kids: noise shaping, preamplifier, transition noise

noise shaping

increasing of the signal to noise ratio in quantizing

non-inverting amplifier

amplifier, whose output changes in the same direction as the input

NOR gate

negation of the OR gate presenting a TRUTH output if both the inputs are FALSE whereas if one or both input is TRUTH, a FALSE output results

NOT gate

logic gate producing logical negation, that is the TRUTH output at the FALSE input and vice versa

notch filter

band-stop filter with a narrow stop-band

npn transistor

transistor consisting of a p-layer between two n-layers

NTC

negative temperature coefficient

n-type semiconductor

extrinsic semiconductor whose most carriers are electrons

Kids: n-layer

nucleus

dense central part of an atom

Kids: atomic number, bond, neutron, proton, valence bond

off-state

blocking state of an electronic component

Kids: driving, FALSE, gate turn-off thyristor, monostable, switching

ohmic region

saturation region

ohmic resistance

positive resistance

Kids: drift region

one-operation thyristor

SCR

one-short

monostable

on-state

conduction state of an electronic component

Kids: driving, firing, gate turn-off thyristor, holding current, monostable, switching, thyristor, transistor, TRUTH

on-state operation

output stability

Kids: instantaneous signal, static gain, steady-state operation

opamp

operational amplifier

Kids: output offset voltage, slew rate

operating point

characteristic point representing the values of variables at which an electronic system is operating

Kids: quiescent point

operational amplifier

modular, multistage amplifier with differential input and entire IC assembly with high amplitude ratio, high input impedance, and low output impedance

Kids: opamp, precision rectifier

optical encoder

encoder which utilizes optical radiation

Kids: absolute optical encoder, incremental optical encoder

optical radiation

electromagnetic radiation of very short wavelength, such as visible or ultraviolet light affecting an electronic system

Kids: light-emitting diode, optical encoder, optocoupler, optoelectronic device, photodiode, photoresistor

optocoupler

optoelectronic device utilizing optical radiation to provide coupling while the output is isolated from the input

Kids: optoisolator, photocoupler

optoelectronic device

electronic device used optical radiation

Kids: optocoupler, photoresistor

optoisolator

optocoupler

OR gate

logic gate that implements logical disjunction where a TRUTH output results if one or both the inputs are TRUTH whereas if neither input is TRUTH, a FALSE output results

Kids: NOR gate

oscillator

signal generator whose output is of the determined fundamental

Kids: blocking oscillator, multivibrator, relaxation oscillator, sine wave generator

output characteristic

relation between the output current and output voltage of an electronic component

Kids: active region, back diode, breakdown region, breakover, collector curve, cutoff region, drain curve, load line, pinchoff, safe operating area, saturation region, triac, volt-ampere characteristic

output offset voltage

output voltage of an opamp whose inputs are shorted together (and often tied to ground)

output stability

ability of an electronic system to keep its variables unchanged during a specified time interval

Kids: holding, on-state operation

output voltage swing

maximum unclipped peak-to-peak voltage swing

overloading

operation of an electronic circuit at higher than its rated maximum power

overshoot

transient caused by a sudden input variation and characterized by a temporary exceeding the value of the referenced output

pad

passive component

PAM

pulse-amplitude modulation

paraphase amplifier

push-pull amplifier with a single input

pass-band

midband

passive component

electronic component capable for attenuation only without energy supply

Kids: pad, passive load

passive filter

filter based on combinations of resistors, inductors and capacitors which do not depend upon an external power supply

passive load

part of electronic circuit made up of passive components

PD-regulator

proportional regulator with a differentiator

peak inverse voltage

maximal value of the reverse voltage within a given time interval

Kids: PIV

peak-to-peak value

difference of maximal and minimal values of a waveform within a given time interval

Kids: maximum peak-to-peak voltage

PFM

pulse-frequency modulation

phase voltage

voltage of the solo phase in the multi-phase load of an electronic circuit

photoconductive cell

photoresistor

photocoupler

optocoupler

photodiode

diode that produces an optical radiation

photoresistor

optoelectronic device that utilizes the change of resistivity upon the absorption of optical radiation

Kids: light-dependent resistor, photoconductive cell

PID-controller

controller implementing a PID-regulator

PID-regulator

proportional-integral-differential regulator

Kids: PID-controller

piezoelectric transducer

electronic device in which electric polarization produces a mechanical deformation which depends linearly on the electric field strength, and conversely a deformation produces an electric polarization

pinchoff

lack of channel region near the drain and corresponding point of the output characteristic of the FET

PI-regulator

proportional regulator with integrator

PIV

peak inverse voltage

p-layer

layer built on p-type semiconductor

Kids: anode, diode, ms junction, npn transistor, pn junction, pnp transistor, point-contact transistor, silicon controlled rectifier

pn junction

region between the p-layer and the n-layer

Kids: avalanche voltage, depletion layer, dipole, GaAsFET, junction field-effect transistor, junction transistor, punch-through diode, Zener breakdown

pnp transistor

transistor consisting of an n-layer between two p-layers

point-contact transistor

obsolete transistor whose electrically isolated p-layer and n-layers are very close to each other

positive feedback

feedback intended for the output amplification

Kids: astable multivibrator, Schmitt trigger

positive resistance

resistance for which an increase in the current results in an increased voltage in electronic circuit

Kids: ohmic resistance

positive temperature coefficient

temperature coefficient at which the current drops with increasing temperature

power amplifier

output stage of an amplifier that requires most attention to power efficiency

power diode

diode that operates on similar principles to its low-power counterpart, but is able to carry a larger forward current and typically is able to support a larger reverse voltage

power electronics

field of electronics which deals with power converters

power transistor

transistor that operates on similar principles to its low-power counterpart, but is able to carry a larger forward current and typically is able to support a larger reverse voltage

preamplifier

amplifier located before the main amplifier, generally to provide it with a signal of sufficient power level or to obtain the highest possible overall signal-to-noise ratio

precision rectifier

operational amplifier behaving like a rectifier

primary breakdown

breakdown region in which the short-term operation is possible

proportional regulator

regulator whose output is proportional to the error voltage

Kids: PD-regulator, PI-regulator, proportional-integral-differential regulator

proportional-integral-differential regulator

additive combination of a proportional regulator, an integrator, and a differentiator

Kids: PID-regulator

proton

particle of nucleus with a positive electric charge

Kids: atomic number, ion

p-type semiconductor

extrinsic semiconductor whose most carriers are holes

Kids: p-layer

pulsating dc

dc with ripple

pulse

waveform of short duration with abrupt variation of current or voltage followed by a rapid return to the initial value

Kids: class D amplifier, clock pulse, leading edge, pulse electronics, pulser, pulse-amplitude modulation, pulse-frequency modulation, pulse-width modulation, spike, trailing edge, trigger

pulse amplifier

class B amplifier

pulse electronics

electronics dealing with pulses

pulser

signal generator of pulses

pulse-amplitude modulation

modulation where the pulse height is changed at the fixed pulse width and cycle

Kids: PAM

pulse-frequency modulation

modulation where the pulse cycle is changed at the fixed pulse width and height

Kids: PFM

pulse-width modulation

modulation where the pulse width is changed at the fixed cycle and pulse height

Kids: PWM

punch-through diode

diode with a contact between two pn junctions as a result of widening of one or both of them

push-pull amplifier

amplifier with a single or the two equal inputs in phase opposition and two combined outputs reproducing the form of the original inputs

Kids: paraphase amplifier

PWM

pulse-width modulation

quantization error

difference between the actual analogue signal and the digital signal resulted from quantizing

Kids: quantization uncertainty

quantization noise

transition noise

quantization uncertainty

quantization error

quantizing

process of division of analogue signal into a number of predetermined adjacent intervals presenting the digital signal

Kids: noise shaping, quantization error, successive approximation ADC

quasi saturation

saturation region of alternative width

quiescent point

operating point

R-2R DAC

binary-weighted DAC with a repeating cascading resistors of values R and 2R

radio

electronic technology for sound transfer

Kids: radio electronics

radio electronics

field of electronics dealing with radio

radio frequency

sound signal frequency below the visible light

rail

single supply line

rail-to-rail amplifier

amplifier which output range can extend to the supply voltage maxium dynamic range

ramp

signal increasing or decreasing with a constant or variable slope

recipient

acceptor

recombination

interaction between negative and positive carriers with resulting equalization of their charges

rectifier

converter that turns ac to dc

Kids: precision rectifier

rectifier thyristor

SCR

reference

input data which represents the desired controlled variable

Kids: closed loop control, overshoot, reference generator, step response, time response, tolerance area, undershoot

reference generator

electronic circuit responsible for the reference production

reference voltage

Zener voltage

reflective-binary code

Gray code

regulator

part of electronic system which performs a specified control function

Kids: controller, proportional regulator

relaxation oscillator

oscillator whose output repeatedly alternates between two states with a cycle that depends on the charging capacitor

repeater

electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it to the transmission line

resolution

smallest change in the input digital signal which causes a perceptible change in the output

resolver

rotary electrical encoder built on a transformer intended for measuring a degrees of rotation

Kids: resolver-to-digital converter, synchro

resolver-to-digital converter

ADC built on resolver

resonant circuit

electrical or electronic circuit capable for resonance

Kids: current multiplication, resonator, tank circuit, voltage multiplication

resonator

electronic circuit that naturally oscillates at resonant frequencies thanks to the built-in resonant circuit

reverse bias

biasing by applying an external voltage to increase the barrier potential aiming to block a current

Kids: back diode, diac, forced commutation, reverse current, reverse recovery time, reverse voltage, step-recovery diode

reverse breakdown

breakdown caused by the reverse breakdown voltage

reverse current

current flowing at a reverse bias

Kids: leakage current, reverse current peak value, storage time, Zener diode

reverse current peak value

maximal value of the reverse current within a given time interval

reverse diode

Schottky diode

reverse recovery time

time required for the current or voltage to recover its normal value after instantaneous transition from a forward bias to a reverse bias

reverse voltage

voltage drop at a reverse bias

Kids: peak inverse voltage, power diode, power transistor, Zener voltage

ripple

ac part of the dc voltage waveform

Kids: filter choke, pulsating dc

RS flip-flop

SR flip-flop

safe operating area

voltage and current conditions and the region of the output characteristic over which the electronic component can be expected to operate without damage

Kids: SOA

sample

signal representation at a chosen instant

Kids: sampler, sampling, sampling frequency, sigma-delta ADC

sample and hold

sampler that captures the analogue signal for holding during a specified period of time

sampler

electronic device which converts the input into the samples

Kids: sample and hold

sampling

taking samples, usually at equal time intervals

Kids: data acquisition, sampling ADC

sampling ADC

ADC whose input is sampled by a bank of parallel connected comparators

sampling frequency

frequency of samples taken from an analogue signal to make a discrete signal

SAR

successive approximation register

saturation

state at which the controlled variable cannot be sensitively increased by increasing the input

Kids: hysteresis

saturation region

initial region of the output characteristic with the high-changing current upon the small change of voltage

Kids: ohmic region, quasi saturation

scale-of-two

binary scale

Schmitt trigger

trigger with positive feedback and hysteresis performance

Schottky diode

diode with a low forward voltage drop and a very fast switching action

Kids: reverse diode

SCR

silicon controlled rectifier

Kids: one-operation thyristor, rectifier thyristor

secondary breakdown

breakdown region in which the transistor is damaged

segmentation

dividing a data packet into smaller units

segmented DAC

binary-weighting DAC producing the thermometer code

selectivity

ability of an electronic circuit to discriminate between a given wanted and unwanted signals

semiconductor electronics

electronics dealing with semiconductors

Kids: electronic component

sequential logic

logic circuit with memory whose output depends not only on the present input but also on the input history

serial transmission

transmission line between two electronic devices using a common path

settling time

time interval between the instant of the input step change and the instant, when the step response remains within the tolerance area

Shockley diode

tunnel diode

sideband

frequency region lying above or below the midband

sigma-delta ADC

ADC which samples the output by a large factor and then filters it

signal

physical quantity (voltage, current, or field strength) carrying data

Kids: analogue signal, audio signal, common-mode signal, comparator, converter, detector, differential signal, digital signal, error voltage, frequency response, gain, instantaneous signal, inversion, multiplexer, noise, noise shaping, preamplifier, radio frequency, ramp, repeater, sample, selectivity, signal generator, triggering

signal generator

electronic device for production of signals with specified and usually adjustable characteristics

Kids: oscillator, pulser

silicon controlled rectifier

thyristor consisting of four alternated p-layers and n-layers

Kids: SCR

simistor

triac

sine wave generator

oscillator that produces the sinisoidal waveforms

Kids: Wien bridge oscillator

single supply amplifier

amplifier working from a unipolar supply

single-pole filter

filter constructed using only resistors and capacitors or inductors

single-short

monostable

slew rate

maximal rate of change of the opamp output

small-scale integration

integration dealing with transistors numbering in the tens per chip

Kids: SSI

SOA

safe operating area

soft breakdown

Zener breakdown

source

extreme layer of a unipolar transistor that emits the majority carriers

Kids: common drain, common source, common gate, gate-source cutoff voltage

source follower

common drain

spike

unidirectional pulse of relatively short duration

split supply

supply with two simialr outputs of different polarities

square-low device

electronic component with the square-low input characteristic

SR flip-flop

"set/reset" flip-flop in which activating the set input results in its switching to one stable state and activating the reset input results in its state change

Kids: JK flip-flop, RS flip-flop

SSI

small-scale integration

stabilitrone

Zener diode

stage

amplifying cascade

Kids: subranging ADC, power umplifier

static gain

gain measured at the on-state operation

steady-state operation

on-state operation

step response

time response on the step reference

Kids: settling time, tolerance area

step-recovery diode

diode that stores a charge at the forward bias and recovers from subsequent reverse bias, thereby causing an abrupt transition of its output impedance

stop-band

frequency band throughout which the attenuation is greater than a specified value

Kids: band-stop filter, notch filter

storage time

time of the growth of the reverse current in the GTO thyristor

straight binary code

binary code with the bit weighting according to their positions

string DAC

DAC built as the voltage divider with the tapped resistor string

Kids: Kelvin divider

subranging ADC

ADC with two or more stages where, at first, a coarse conversion is done, and in a second stage the difference to the input is determined by a DAC

substrate layer

auxiliary layer

subtracter

subtracting math converter

successive approximation ADC

ADC with a binary search through all possible quantizing levels before finally converging upon an output

Kids: successive approximation register

successive approximation register

part of the successive approximation ADC designed to supply an approximate code to the internal DAC

Kids: SAR

summer

math converter whose output is equal to the algebraic sum of the inputs multiplied by constant weighting factors

Kids: adder, summing amplifier

summing amplifier

summer

supply

energy source of an electronic circuit

Kids: active filter, balanced supply, ballast, battery, convensional current, dip, passive component, passive filter, rail, rail-to-rail amplifier, single supply amplifier, split supply, voltage source

switch

electronic device for switching

Kids: inverting switch, switching circuit

switching

transition of electronic circuit from on-state to off-state and vice versa

Kids: cutoff, forced commutation, Schottky diode, SR flip-flop, switch, switching operation, switching time, time of operation, triggering

switching circuit

electronic circuit which allows the current to flow through the switches

switching operation

switching

switching time

time from the instant when the command for the switching is requested until the instant when the output becomes usable

synchro

resolver

tail current

slow final part of the output current waveform

tank circuit

resonant circuit

telegraph

electronic technology for transfer of alphanumeric symbols

telephony

electronic technology for sound transfer

television

electronic technology for video and sound transfer

temperature coefficient

relative change of resistance of an electronic component when the temperature changes

Kids: negative temperature coefficient, positive temperature coefficient

terminal

external part of electrode intended for connections

Kids: control terminal, convensional current, lead

tetrode thyristor

triac

thermal ionization

property of material to produce carriers upon heating

thermometer code

code that represents a natural number with the set of ones followed by a zero

Kids: segmented DAC, thermometer DAC

thermometer DAC

DAC which contains an equal resistor or current source for each possible output of the thermometer code

Kids: fully-decoded DAC

thin-film resistor technology

electronic technology in which the resistors are made of a layers of material ranging from fractions of a nanometer to several micrometers in thickness

threshold voltage

gate voltage of a unipolar transistor at which the drain current suddenly increases

thyristor

semi-adjustable electronic component comprising at least three layers of semiconductor which can be turned to the on-state

Kids: breakover, diac, firing, forced commutation, gate turn-off thyristor, holding current, silicon controlled rectifier, triac

time constant

ratio of energy stored during the transient (power consumption) to the returned power (power conductivity)

time of operation

time between the switching-on and switching-off

time response

quantitative measure of magnitude and phase of the controlled variable as a function of time in comparison to the reference

Kids: step response, waveform

timer

electronic device to measure time intervals

tolerance area

range of the step response where the controlled variable lies between the specified limits of the reference deviation

Kids: settling time

tracking ADC

ADC with the counter which output continuously tracks the input

Kids: counting ADC

trailing edge

position of the pulse back that corresponds the triggering event

transconductance

ratio of the increment in the drain current to a corresponding incremental change of the gate voltage

transconductance amplifier

amplifier that puts out an output current proportional to its input voltage

Kids: cascode amplifier

transfer characteristic

characteristic of an electronic component relating the output voltage and the input voltage or the same currents

transient

transfer of a controlled variable between two consecutive states

Kids: glitch, overshoot, time constant, undershoot

transient suppressor

electronic device consisting of a pair of reverse-parallel connected Zener diodes with a high breakdown voltage in both directions

Kids: voltage suppressor

transistor

adjustable electronic component comprising at least three layers of semiconductor and, occasionally, of other materials, which can be turned to the on-state and vice versa

Kids: ac current gain, active region, basic scheme, bipolar transistor, blocking oscillator, junction transistor, large-scale integration, medium-scale integration, multivibrator, npn transistor, pnp transistor, point-contact transistor, power transistor, secondary breakdown, small-scale integration, unipolar transistor

transistor-transistor logic

class of logic circuits built from BJT and resistors which perform both the logic gating and the amplifying function

Kids: TTL

transition noise

noise added to the analogue signal of DAC

Kids: quantization noise

transmission line

electronic circuit for communication

Kids: bus, repeater, serial transmission

transresistance

ratio of the increment in the input current to a corresponding incremental change of the output voltage of an electronic circuit

transresistance amplifier

amplifier that converts current to voltage

Kids: current-to-voltage converter, voltage repeater

triac

thyristor with substantially the same behaviour in the first and third quadrants of the output characteristic

Kids: bi-directional thyristor, simistor, tetrode thyristor

trigger

electronic device that has a number of stable or unstable states, at least one being stable, whose triggering is initiated by the pulse applying

Kids: flip-flop, Schmitt trigger

triggering

abrupt switching of a signal

Kids: leading edge, trailing edge, trigger, trip point

trip point

input voltage capable for the comparator triggering

TRUTH

logical on-state constant used in logic operations

Kids: AND gate, bit, Boolean expression, NAND gate, NOR gate, NOT gate, OR gate, XOR gate

truth table

table that describes logic operations on each combination of values taken by its logical variables

TTL

transistor-transistor logic

tuning diode

varactor

tunnel diode

diode with negative resistance in a certain range of the forward bias

Kids: Shockley diode

two-operation thyristor

GTO thyristor

undershoot

transient caused by a sudden input variation and characterized by a temporary existing of the output below the value of the referenced output

unipolar transistor

transistor with unipolar carriers flowing along the channel between extrinsic semiconductors and/or other materials

Kids: drain, drain curve, source, threshold voltage

vacuum electronics

electronics dealing with vacuum tubes

valence bond

outermost bond keeping the longest way off the nucleus

Kids: conduction bond, valence electron

valence electron

electron placed on the valence bond

varactor

diode of variable capacitance by means of which conductivity is changed

Kids: tuning diode, varicap, voltage-variable capacitance

varicap

varactor

varistor

resistor whose number of carriers is strongly varying with the applied voltage

Kids: voltage dependent resistor

voltage amplifier

amplifier whose input and output are voltages

voltage dependent resistor

varistor

voltage divider

electronic device comprising components between two points of which a desired fraction of the applied voltage can be obtained

Kids: flash ADC, string DAC

voltage gain

gain as the ratio of the output voltage to the input voltage

Kids: common-mode voltage gain, differential voltage gain, voltage multiplication, voltage repeater

voltage multiplication

voltage gain of a resonant circuit

voltage repeater

transresistance amplifier whose voltage gain is one

voltage source

electronic circuit or supply whose output voltage is independent of the current in the circuit

voltage suppressor

transient suppressor

voltage swing

difference between the maximal and minimal voltages of the electronic circuit

Kids: output voltage swing

voltage-to-frequency converter

converter designed to be controlled in oscillation frequency through the voltage input

voltage-variable capacitance

varactor

volt-ampere characteristic

output characteristic

waveform

time response of a physical quantity (voltage, current, or field strength)

Kids: alternation, amplification, attenuation, clipping, continuous wave, cycle, filter, fundamental, maximum peak-to-peak voltage, modulation, peak-to-peak value, pulse, ripple, sine wave generator, tail current, zero-crossing detector

Wien bridge

bridge comprising four resistors and two capacitors for measuring component values in one arm by comparing them to known values by adjusting the other arms or changing the frequency of the voltage source

Kids: Wien bridge oscillator

Wien bridge oscillator

sine wave generator based on the Wien bridge

word

ordered set of bytes which represents portions of data by a code

XOR gate

logic gate to implement an exclusive disjunction ("one or the other but not both") whos TRUTH output results if one, and only one, of the inputs is TRUTH whereas if both inputs are FALSE or both are TRUTH, a FALSE output results

Kids: exclusive OR gate

Zener breakdown

breakdown caused by the influence of a strong electric field in a pn junction

Kids: high-field emission, soft breakdown, Zener voltage

Zener diode

diode with permissible reverse current upon the Zener voltage

Kids: breakdown diode, stabilitrone, transient suppressor

Zener voltage

minimum reverse voltage at which the Zener breakdown occurs

Kids: reference voltage, Zener diode

zero-crossing detector

detector used for detecting the zero crossings of a waveform